In this project we will make a depth sensing robot. In our robot we will use IR sensors for depth detection , when robot will not surface below robot then they will move robot towards right or left or back. We are also using pc interface in this project
Today in every industry we need automation- robotics.In this project we show that how we design a line follower robot to move on any track. In this project we use two slow speed motor for running the platform of the small robot. In this project we use 89c2051 microcontroller as a main processor. We use this processor to run the vehicle. This controller is basically a 20 pin ic. In this project we use two sensor also. These sensor are connected to the port p3.4 and port p3.5
Pin no 20 is connected to the positive supply. In this project we provide a 5 volt dc power supply. This power supply is truly regulated power supply. Pin no 10 is connected to the negative supply. Here we supply a negative voltage on this pin. Crystal is connected to the pin no 4 and 5 of the microcontroller. Crystal provide a clock signal to run the vehicle and process all the internal requirement of the circuit. We use two sensor and these two sensor are connected to the p3.4 and p3.5 of the microcontroller. Infra red led is directly connected to the power supply. For the regulated power supply we use ic 7805 as a regulator to provide a fix 5 volt power supply.
When we move the robot on surface then infra red light is not reflected from the surface. When infra red light is not reflected from the surface then infra red sensor is not getting a signal. We program the robot like this when sense the light then it means position of sensor is on the surface. If the sensor is on white line then one motor change its direction and due to that robot change its path and when both the sensor on surface then only vehicle move forward. We use two sensor for two motor’s. if the both the sensor on surface then vehicle move forward , if one sensor is noton surface then vehicle change its direction. Microcontroller provide a signal to the motor circuit. Motor is not directly connected with the microcontroller. For the safety of the main processor we interface the motor with optocoupler circuit. Here we use pc 817 ( 4 pin opto coupler) to interface the micro controller with the motor circuit. We use H bridge circuit with the motor. H bridge basically control the movement of the motor. With the help of this H bridge we change the direction of the motor. We use four transistor circuit with each motor. We are using four transistor circuit. Out of these four transistor two transistor is NPN and two transistor and PNP transistor. One NPN and One PNP provide a one direction voltage and motor moves on one direction. Second NPN and second PNP transistor again change the direction of the motor automatically.
Components required:
MCU 89s52
Crystal 11.592 MHz- 1 nos.
On/off Switch- 1 nos.
Diodes IN 4001- 10 nos.
Optocoupler 817- 2nos.
Cap 10µf,0.1 µf,330µf
Transistors -547or 548
Resistances 330 Ω,8.2kΩ,30pf
LED
IC7805 voltage Regulator
Motors dc
Infrared sensors set
Copper Clad board
Ply board
Ferric Chloride
Wires
Soldering iron
Soldering wire
Flux
Advantage-
Low cost – project component cost is less
Reliable- IR sensor works that’s why it will be reliable
Flexible- we can do changes
Portable- Its light in weight.
