In this project we show that how we use the sensor for advanced car parking system. In this project we will count the number of cars enter in the parking and decrement no of left the car parking. we also show the parking space, for that we will use magnetic sensors. They will detect the signal and will give it microcontroller. Microcontroller will get the signal and will display where is the space to park the car on priority basis.
In this project we use ic 89c2051 micro controller to run the counter. 89c2051 is a 20 pin controller from the 8051 family. 8051 family is a 40 pin ic. In this project we use one dc motor for the lift. Few reed or infrared sensor to monitor the car and few sensor to reed check out car and give signal to microcontroller.
In this project when any vehicle will cross the sensors then sensor s will give signal to microcontroller. Microcontroller will update the counter. In the similar way when car will leave the parking then it will decrement the counter.
There will be barrier which will close when parking reach at maximum value . it will open barrier when any car will leave the parking.
Project is very important acc to currently parking system. It will help the contractor to check the overall status. It will also decrement the manpower requirement.
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:
MICROCONTROLLER
In this project we use micro controller to control the direction of motor with proximity switches and monitor the space of the parking. Here in this project we use ic 89c2051 controller to sense all the logic. 89c2051 is a 20 pin member of the main 40 pin controller. We use 89c2051 because here in this project we use only 2 output for motor and control signal is only four. Out of four sensor, two sensor is for the floor and two sensor for the space. 89c2051 is a small micro controller with 128 byte of ram and 2 k byte of flash memory.
LCD
The LCD panel’s Enable and Register Select is connected to the Control Port. The Control Port is an open collector / open drain output. While most Parallel Ports have internal pull-up resistors, there are a few which don’t. Therefore by incorporating the two 10K external pull up resistors, the circuit is more portable for a wider range of computers, some of which may have no internal pull up resistors.
We make no effort to place the Data bus into reverse direction. Therefore we hard wire the R/W line of the LCD panel, into write mode. This will cause no bus conflicts on the data lines. As a result we cannot read back the LCD’s internal Busy Flag which tells us if the LCD has accepted and finished processing the last instruction. This problem is overcome by inserting known delays into our program.
The 10k Potentiometer controls the contrast of the LCD panel. Nothing fancy here. As with all the examples, I’ve left the power supply out. You can use a bench power supply set to 5v or use a onboard +5 regulator. Remember a few de-coupling capacitors, especially if you have trouble with the circuit working properly.
Stepper motors
Stepper motors are special kind of heavy duty motors having 2 or 4 coils. The motors will be stepping each time when it get the pulse. As there are many coils in the motors we need to energize the coils in a specific sequence for the rotation of the motor. These motors are mostly used in heavy machines. The figure shown below consists of a 4 coil stepper motor and the arrow mark will rotate when the coils are energized in the sequence.
Unlike DC motors stepper motors can be turned accurately for the given degrees.
Components used:
| Item
|
Qty. | ID |
| OPTOCOUPLER | 2 | IC 817 |
| mcU | 1 | IC 89c51 |
| CRYSTAL | 1 | 12 MHZ |
| CERAMIC | 2 | 27 PF |
| CONNECTING WIRES | ||
| IC BASE | 1 | 20 PIN |
| LCD | 1 | 16 PIN |
| LEDS | 5 | RED 15 MM |
| REGULATOR | 1 | 7805 |
| CAP | 1 | 1000 MICROFARAD |
| TR | 2 | TR548 |
| 2 | TR 558 | |
| MICRO SWITCHES | 2 | PUSH TO ON |
| REED SENSOR | 6 | MAGNETIC |
| Stepper motor | 1 | 12v |
Hardware required-
8051 programmer universal kit
CRO 20 Mhz
Digital multimeter
Software Required:-
- Keil
- OrCAD
Applications:
1. Used for automatic car parking in advance system
2. For automation in industry carrying raw material like machines, machines parts