INTRODUCTION
Transmission lines are a vital part of the electrical distribution system, as they provide the path to transfer power between generation and load. Transmission lines operate at voltage levels from 69kV to 765kV, and are ideally tightly interconnected for reliable operation. we will measure transmission In this project we will detect transmission line failure . In an electric power system comprising of different complex interacting elements, there always exists a possibility of disturbance and fault. This is used to find the fault in transmission lines with the RF indication. The other advantage of this project is the operation of the project is simple or easy or the part or components which are used in this project is easily available.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
In this project we will measure transmission voltage. In this project we will detect transmission line failure . we used 16*2 LCD display to indicate failure. We used Microcontroller 89s52. 89s52 is 8 bit single chip CPU. It contain inbuilt 8k ROM and 256 byte RAM.
89s52 is 40 pin ic having four ports p0,p1,p2 and p3. Benefit on using 89s52 is low cost. We can design PLC-programmable logic controller using 89s52. we detctected different types of faults and checked fault at different locations. We display faults at LCD. We connected LCD 16*2 at port0. We connected RS,RW and EN at pin p2.5, p2.4 and p2.3 respectively. We first of all all step down the voltage then will give to rectifier . For rectification purpose we will use IN4007 diode. After rectification we filtered DC supply. After rectification we will convert 12 v to 5v using LM7805. 78 indicates+ve voltage and 5v.
We will use RF transmitter and RF receiver . RF receiver will show indication RF remote control which is built using HT12E and HT12D chips. The remote control is built using RF encoder chip HT12E that will generate different codes. These codes will be transmitted by 434 MHz RF transmitter. At the receiving side these codes will be received by 434 MHz RF receiver and decoded by RF decoder chip HT12D. in the transmitter side which will attach with car we will sensor for accident detection. Sensors will give signal to HT12E . HT12E is a 18 pin ic. It converts bit data input to serial output. It has 12 address lines to send data to particular receiver.
In this project we make attendance system using RFID. In this project we used 433Mhz RF transmitter and Receiver. We used 89s51 . LCD 16*2 connected to MCU at port 0 of MCU. Output of HT12D connected to MCU at port pin no 1 tp 4. Pot 1 pin 5 to 8 connected to four switches to check total attendance of each candidate. In this project we are using UHF frequencies of RF. LED’s connected at port 2 pin p2.0,p2.1,p2.2,and p2.6. LCD rs, rw ,en connected to p2.5,p2.4 and p2.3.HT12 E and HT12D ‘s pin 1 to 9 connected to ground giving low. These are address pins of HT12E and HT12D. Pin no 10 to 14 of HT12 E are inputs of IC and 17 no pin is output pin. Pin no 10 -14 of HT12D is ouput pin and 14 is input pin. Crystal pin of HT12E is 15 and 16 .this project we will make one transmitter and RF receiver. RF remote control which is built using HT12E and HT12D chips. The remote control is built using RF encoder chip HT12E that will generate different codes. These codes will be transmitted by 434 MHz RF transmitter. At the receiving side these codes will be received by 434 MHz RF receiver and decoded by RF decoder chip HT12D. These codes are fed to 89C51 to take a controlling action on transmitter.
Componets Used
RF module- 433 MHz
Ic89s52
PC817- 4nos.
HT12E
HT12D
IC–555 : Timer
IC–7805 : Voltage regulator
TRANSISTOR :
T1-T5 : BC548
T6-T8 : BC557
RESISTORS:
R1-R3 : 1 K
R4-R14 : 10KΩ
R15-R17 : 100KΩ
R18 : 56KΩ
R19-R20 : 470E
R21 : 100 E
R22 : 4KΩ
Diodes
D1-D10 : 1N4007
Capacitors
C1-C2 : 27 PF
C3-C4 : 470 µF
C5 : 10 µF
C6 : 100µF
TRANSFORMERS
9-0-9, 1A.
CRYSTALL OSCILATOR
3.579 MHz
Others
CD Driver
LED
Miscellaneous
Hard Board
Wires
Soldering Iron
Soldering Paste
Flux (Paste)
Advantages
1. It is easy and low cost project.
2. It is easy to find the find the fault and faulty condition
3. The operation of this project is simple. or the component are easily available .
PRECAUTIONS:
While wiring, assembly and installation of the circuit, make sure that you
1. Use good quality wires.
2. Use good quality relay
3. Iron soldering temperature should be below 350 degree cent.
4. Use good quality soldering wire.
APPLICATIONS:
1.It is used in substations to find the fault.
2. used to measure the losses.
3. Insulation failure.
