In this project we will make a robot which is used to follow the black path. When the robot comes to white path it will automatically shift towards black path i.e it follows only one path
Secondly we are also controlling the robot so that it not collides with any object coming infront of it.
When any object comes infront of it, it will automatically changes its path and “speaks object is detected”
We will use infrared sensors for sensing purpose.
We will use 89c051 for programming the different functions. And for giving limited control to motor controlling circuit.
We will use controlling circuit for Dc motor control.
S1 and s2 sensors will be used for control purpose. When robot s1 sensor will move toward line, after crossing black line it will generate a pulse and give to controlling circuit which will stem s1 Dc motor and will continoue s2 motor. In the same way s2 will help t keep the Robot on track.
This type of robotic system can be used for Road and track based unmanned or automatic train system.
This project also help in industry for different luggage robots.
This project will help to study about infrared sensors, Microcontrollers, Controlling circuit and dc motors.
An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The reverse task, that of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. Traction motors used on locomotives often perform both tasks if the locomotive is equipped with dynamic brakes. Electric motors are found in household appliances such as fans, exhaust fans, fridges, washing machines, pool pumps and fan-forced ovens.
Most electric motors work by electromagnetism, but motors based on other electromechanical phenomena, such as electrostatic forces and the piezoelectric effect, also exist. The fundamental principle upon which electromagnetic motors are based is that there is a mechanical force on any current-carrying wire contained within a magnetic field. The force is described by the Lorentz force law and is perpendicular to both the wire and the magnetic field. Most magnetic motors are rotary, but linear motors also exist. In a rotary motor, the rotating part (usually on the inside) is called the rotor, and the stationary part is called the stator. The rotor rotates because the wires and magnetic field are arranged so that a torque is developed about the rotor’s axis. The motor contains electromagnets that are wound on a frame. Though this frame is often called the armature, that term is often erroneously applied. Correctly, the armature is that part of the motor across which the input voltage is supplied. Depending upon the design of the machine, either the rotor or the stator can serve as the armature.
ROBOTICS
A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance is defined as a robot
A Robot never becomes fulfill until it can take decisions. We can’t go for computers for the computation & intelligence. But we can use single chip microcontrollers for controlling. This robot is not going to do any big tasks there will only be predefined tasks. The robot’s full control is embedded into one chip which is otherwise known as embedded systems designing.
To make a robot we must surely know to at least use a single microcontroller. So let us see about Embedded System thru 8051.
What is Open SYSTEM?
An open system is the normal desktop computer where you can use it for any tasks. If you want to process text documents you can install Ms-word if you want to send mail you can use outlook express and counts on.
What is Embedded System ?
An embedded system is the system where you can use it for a specific task.
Microcontroller:-
A microcontroller (often abbreviated MCU) is a single computer chip that executes a user program, normally for the purpose of controlling some device hence the name microcontroller.
A microcontroller is differed from microprocessor in many ways. Basically microprocessors are the devices which can process huge amount of data. A microprocessor can’t do anything on it own. Even to light a led a microprocessor needs minimum of a ROM, RAM, Latch, Address decoders, PORT controllers. But for the same application if you take a microcontroller you barely need a crystal and some capacitors. Position of sensors, left hand side is side view and right hand side is top view.
Components Required
Microcontroller
Resistances 100 ohm,330 ohm
Crystal 12 Mhz
Sensors
Diodes in4001,
IC 7805
Optocoupler PC817
Motors 12v
IC base 40 pin
Voltage regulator
Voice processor
ULN2003
Capacitor—1000uf,470uf
Transformer
Tr 558
Tr548
Connecting wires
Equipment:- Filer,Cutter,Soldering Iron,
Hardware:-
Wood pieces- 1.5” * 5”
Dc Motors
Screws 1”
Warshels
Nut 1.5”
Metallic sheet
Advantages
· Easy to use
· Low cost
· Reliable
· Accuracy
Applications
This project also helps in industry for different luggage robots
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Ø Keil for Programming
Ø OrCAD for PCB designing
Ø Proteus 7.6 Simulation
