Engineering Student Projects Training

Objective of Project

• To make system so that we can monitor vehicle speed

• To install any electronic system need no Police.

• To make project on Microcontroller, because we study in last semester

Methodology in Project- Basically we know the distance between two plaza . Microcontroller will measure time between two interrupts. So we can calculate speed of vehicle. We will use rf technology for long distance.

INTRODUCTION:

In this projects we will use two sensor on Road- one for vehicle speed measuring starting point and second at particular distance from it. We know the distance between these two points. Vehicle will have RFID. When it will cross first point then starting time will be saved in microcontroller and when vehicle will cross second point then our system will end timer . In this way we will calculate speed of vehicle . there will be two barriers at each point- starting and end point. First will open each time. Second will open when vehicle speed is less than 60. Otherwise challan will display on LCD. There will be punching card system to pay challan. If vehicle will pay amount then only they could go. Similarly vehicle will check Insurance of vehicle also. If Insurance will ok then barrier will open otherwise they have to pay challan also.

In this project we will monitor vehicle speed using electronic ID provided to vehicle. Vehicle have his own ID. When vehicle will come contact with nearest toll plaza, then plaza will read its id. Then vehicle start will be recorded in Microcontroller memory. When vehicle will reach another nearest plaza 2 , then our control panel will calculate the total time taken by vehicle from plaza1 to plaza2. In this way we could calculate its speed because distance will be fixed. On second plaza particular vehicle will be detected by RFID of vehicle. If speed of vehicle will be more than limit then there will be challan LCD display. Our voice processor will play recorded message-“ come and pay amount”. Owner will have to pay amount by sSeptt card system- punching technology. If car owner will pay amount then he could go. System will also check other documents of vehicle like vehicle

Pin no 40 of this controller is connected to the positive 5 volt supply. Pin no 20 is connected to the ground pin. Pin no 18 and 19 is connected to the external crystal oscillator. External crystal provide a clock pulse to the processor . Here we use internal timer of the ic to count the pulses. For display the result, we use one lcd. Here lcd is 2 by 16 lcd and display all the detail which is provided by the processor.

These two beam detector circuit provide a pulse to the micro controller directly. As the micro controller sense the signal timer is start and at this timer internal count process is on. Here we use ic 89s51 as a main processor.

 Synopsis Download click Mobile jammer Detail .doc file

INTRODUCTION &WORKING:-

A “Cell Jammer” is just way of saying “Dirty Transmitter” which happens to transmit within the Cellular Phone Bands. Reality is, the dirtier the better. 

The 555 timer [8 pin] IC simply makes a noise. It’s coupled via C4 [electrolytic] to modulate the MRF transistor oscillator. With C1 set at roughly 1/3rd, you will be close to 900 MHz. By sweeping the C1 trimmer capacitor, you can swing the output frequency from 800 MHz to 2 GHz with the transistor and values shown.

You could replace the 555 chip with an electret microphone and listen to yourself talk on a scanner, so the unit could easily couple as a UHF Bug. 

Instead of a single Tapped Coil, I’ve used two molded inductors for ease of construction.Values for C1,C2,L1,L2 are critical for the frequency range.

You might want to build the unit into a metal box, add an on/off switch in the batteries + line, and maybe even add a LED. Connect an old 800 MHz cell phone antenna to C5.

Would you believe the whole thing can be built on top of the 555 IC itself when using surface mount components, and the lot will fit onto a nine volt battery clip. Output is reasonably good, although the current drain is a bit high, so a new 9 Volt battery will only run about an hour, [if you are lucky].

The “Cell Kill Distance” is around 10 – 15 feet, ample for most purposes.

Radio jamming is the (usually deliberate) transmission of radio signals that disrupt communications by decreasing the signal to noise ratio. Unintentional jamming occurs when an operator transmits on a busy frequency without first checking whether it is in use, or without being able to hear stations using the frequency.

Another form of unintentional jamming occurs when equipment accidentally radiates a signal, such as a cable TV plant that accidentally emits on an aircraft emergency frequency. The concept can be used in wireless data networks to disrupt information flow.[1] It is a common form of censorship in totalitarian countries, in order to prevent foreign radio stations in border areas from reaching the country.

Radar jamming and deception is the intentional emission of radio frequency signals to interfere with the operation of a radar by saturating its receiver with noise or false information. There are two types of radar jamming: Mechanical and Electronic jamming.

As with other radio jamming, cell phone jammers block cell phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that cellular phones use. This causes enough interference with the communication between cell phones and towers to render the phones unusable. On most retail phones, the network would simply appear out of range. Most cell phones use different bands to send and receive communications from towers (called frequency division duplexing, FDD). Jammers can work by either disrupting phone to tower frequencies or tower to phone frequencies. Smaller handheld models block all bands from 800MHz to 1900MHz within a 30-foot range (9 meters).

Components Required:

NE555 Timer

Resistors

82kohm

6.8 k ohm

220 ohm

10k ohm

capacitors

5 microfarad

50 pf

1pf

20 pf vaiable

Inductor

2.2 nH

1 nH

Antenna Longe range -omni- 10 meter range

Block Diagram:

Bibliography

www.electrofriends.com

www.8052projects.com

www.8051.com

www.ips123.in

www.atmel.com

Electronics harmonium

ELECTRONIC HARMONIUM

So much is being said and done about electronic music now a days that you may be interested to have hands on experience in this field. To get you started here is am easy to make project.

This harmonium can generate 15 different notes of music (One at a time). It has a PCB with15 parallel copper strip. Each strip corresponds to one note. So as you put the probe on a strip, the instrument plays a corresponding note.

The heart of the circuit is a 555 timer IC. Here the IC is used as an oscillator ( or free running multivibrator, as it is technically called) which can produced square waves of different frequencies. The frequency produced depend on the note selected by the probe. A glance at the circuit diagram tells us that when we put the probe on different strips , we are effectively changing the resistance between pin 7 and pin 2 (and 6) of 555. For convenience we may denote this resistance by Rk.

Now let us have a look at the functioning of 555 as an oscillator. If we assume that 555 has been given a 9 volt power supply across pins 1 and 8, it exhibits the following properties:

1. When voltage on pin 2 falls below 3V, output at pin 3 is switched to +9V and pin 7 acts as open circuited. Any change in voltage level at pin 2 will not change the state of IC now.
2. When voltage on pin 6 goes above 6V then pin 3 switches to 0V level & pin 7 acts as if it has been short circuited to ground. Any change of pin 6 will not change the state now.

In our ckt. We have connected pin 2 and 6 together. So if we assume that output at pin 3 is 9V, at a particular instant the combination of R1 and RK (R2 to R16) charges capacitor C3 and voltage across the capacitor keeps on increasing. When it becomes slightly more than 6V, pin 6 senses it and changes output voltage at pin 3 to 0V and pin 7 starts acting as if it has shorted to the ground. So C3 starts discharging through RK. As soon as pin 2 senses that voltage across the capacitor is less than 3V, output is switched back to 9V, so the cycle repeats itself. This way we get square waves at pin 3 since capacitor c3 charges and discharges through RK, the charge and discharge times can be varies by changing values of RK and in turn the frequencyof square wave can be changed. The values of R2 to R16 (which present RK) have been calculated to give the correct ratio within 2 percent tolerance.

For a sweet musical sound, it is required to have symmetrical sqaure wave ( which is in high and low state for equal periods of time) Thus R1 is kept small compared to RK in order to achieve a nearly symmetrical waveform.

The types as speaker used is not critical, you can use almost any speaker. For a loud sound use at least 10 CM speakers. You may solder resistors R2 to R16 directly on the PCB of keyboard.

PARTS LIST:

RESITORS:

R1 – 10K

R2 – 82K

R3,R5 – 68K

R4,R10,R12 – 33K

R6,R7 – 47K

R8,R13,R14 – 22K

R9 – 39K

R11 – 18K

R15 – 12K

R16 – 180K

CAPACITORS:

C1 – 10uF/16V

C2 – .01 uF

C3 – .002Uf

SEMICONDUCTOR:

IC1 – 555

S1-S15- 2PIN PUSH ON SWITCH

9V BATTERY SNAP

SPEAKER 8E LS WT

Touch Sensitive Switch